Taking "brain observation" as the breakthrough point, this discipline constructs a new multi-modal and multi-scale brain observation technology system and instrument architecture. Focusing on "brain mechanism", it builds a bridge linking brain structure and function, and studies the loop mechanism of important brain functions at the micro, meso, and macro levels. Also, by exploring the intelligent characteristics of the mental cognition of the brain, it forms a subversive computational cognitive model and builds a theoretical innovation highland. At the same time, by deeply studying the calculation and migration mechanism of cognitive intelligence, it breaks through the bottleneck of brain-like computing paradigms and architecture. Furthermore, it focuses on exploring the pathology of cranial nerve diseases and overcomes Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other diseases.